How did life become so diverse? Discover the principles of evolution.
Billions of years ago, amidst the emptiness of the cosmos, a hot and blue primordial Earth finally began to breathe. This is where our grand adventure begins.In those early, oxygen-deprived days, deep beneath the boiling oceans, volcanic eruptions spewed organic molecules. Clumping together, they stood ready to spark Earth's very first life form.Then, about 3 billion years ago, a tiny organism called 'cyanobacteria' began using sunlight to produce oxygen for the first time. It was a monumental turning point in the history of life on Earth.The massive amount of oxygen released by cyanobacteria bonded with the abundant iron in the seas to form iron oxide (rust). This settled onto the ocean floor, creating the vast iron ore deposits that humanity mines today.Around 2 billion years ago, a larger cell engulfed a smaller, oxygen-consuming bacterium. But instead of digesting it, they joined forces in symbiosis. This gave rise to 'mitochondria,' the powerhouse of the cell, serving as the crucial catalyst for the evolution of complex multicellular life.▶ Read interactively